What is the Galleri cancer test, and how does it work?
Cancer can be found anywhere in the body, and with early detection, most cancer cases can be treated well before they spread and metastasize. At Atlantic Gastroenterology, Dr. Alexander Shapsis and his team in Brooklyn, New York, provide a specialized blood test for cancer called the Galleri cancer screening.
What is the Galleri cancer test?
This particular cancer screening process looks into blood samples for a unique type of cell-free DNA to identify if it is linked with a type of cancer. It has been found that DNA that develops from cancer cells has unique methylation patterns that may cause it to be identified as a “cancer signal,” which then allows our team to spot certain cancer types.
What types of cancer can be detected with the Galleri cancer screening?
Below are the various cancer types that can be detected by a shared cancer signal:
- Adrenal Cortical Carcinoma
- Ampulla of Vater
- Anus
- Appendix Carcinoma
- Bile Ducts, Distal
- Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic
- Bile Ducts, Perihilar
- Bladder, Urinary
- Bone
- Breast
- Cervix
- Colon and Rectum
- Esophagus and Esophagogastric Junction
- Gallbladder
- Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor
- Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasms
- Kidney
- Larynx
- Leukemia
- Liver
- Lung
- Lymphoma (Hodgkin and Non-Hodgkin)
- Melanoma of the Skin
- Merkel Cell Carcinoma
- Mesothelioma, Malignant Pleural
- Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinuses
- Nasopharynx
- Neuroendocrine Tumors of the Appendix
- Neuroendocrine Tumors of the Colon and Rectum
- Neuroendocrine Tumors of the Pancreas
- Oral Cavity
- Oropharynx (HPV-Mediated, p16+)
- Oropharynx (p16-) and Hypopharynx
- Ovary, Fallopian Tube, and Primary Peritoneum
- Pancreas, Exocrine
- Penis
- Plasma Cell Myeloma and Plasma Cell Disorders
- Prostate
- Small Intestine
- Soft Tissue Sarcoma of the Abdomen and Thoracic Visceral Organs
- Soft Tissue Sarcoma of the Head and Neck
- Soft Tissue Sarcoma of the Retroperitoneum
- Soft Tissue Sarcoma of the Trunk and Extremities
- Soft Tissue Sarcoma Unusual Histologies and Sites
- Stomach
- Testis
- Uterus, Carcinoma, and Carcinosarcoma
- Ureter, Renal Pelvis
- Uterus, Sarcoma
- Vagina
- Vulva
What is the Galleri test?
The earlier you spot health issues like cancer, the sooner you can act to fight them. Galleri is a multi cancer early detection test that looks for a cancer signal across more than 50 types of cancer, many of which are not commonly screened for today. It does not diagnose cancer. If a cancer signal is detected, your healthcare provider will discuss with you additional tests that are needed to confirm if cancer is present. The test is supported by large clinical studies that included more than 20,000 people. Treating cancer starts with knowing you have it. If you’re at an elevated risk of cancer, such as those aged 50 or older, gall is a new way to screen for multiple cancers through a simple blood draw with no fasting or prep required. The Galleri test is prescription only. It is not recommended in individuals who are pregnant, 21 years old or younger, or undergoing active cancer treatment. Galleri does not detect all cancers and should be used. In addition to routine cancer screening, false positive and false negative results do occur.
How the Galleri test works?
Let’s take a closer look at how the test works in order to deliver your result. The Galleri test looks at over 1 million a methylation sites in your blood sample using the latest discoveries in science and DA sequencing technology. All cells in your body, including cancer cells, release a fragments known as cell-free DNA into the bloodstream. The DNA from cancer cells is different from the DNA of healthy cells. A from cancer cells have specific methylation patterns that identify it as cancer. Methylation patterns also contain information about where in the body the cancer is coming from. The Galleri test is a cancer screening test that looks for a cancer signal shared across multiple cancer types. In a clinical study, the test was able to detect a cancer signal across more than 50 types of cancer. If a pattern that suggests cancer is found, then the Galleri test result would be cancer signal detected if a cancer signal is detected.
The test analyzes the DNA patterns found in the sample to predict one or two locations in the body. The cancer signal may be coming from. These locations are called Cancer signal origins. This helps your healthcare provider determine next steps to confirm if cancer is present. Keep in mind the Galleri test does have limitations. Not all cancers can be detected in the blood or by the Galleri test, and false negative and false positive results do occur. Lastly, keep in mind Galleri screens for cancers that may be present at the time of your blood draw. It does not measure your future risk of developing cancer. The Galleri test is used in addition to and does not replace other cancer screening tests your healthcare provider recommends if use is directed Galleri can be a simple way to take a proactive step in knowing more about your health. The Galleri test is prescription only. It is not recommended in individuals who are pregnant, 21 years old or younger, or undergoing active cancer treatment. Galleri does not detect all cancers and should be used. In addition to routine cancer screening, false positive and false negative results do occur.
How to take the Galleri test at a clinic?
In this video, we’ll cover how you can take the test through your primary care provider. Start by asking your primary care provider about Galleri. They will order the test for you if it’s right for you. You can then get your blood drawn at the clinic or with one of our preferred partners, either at home or in lab. The trained technician who draws your sample will send it to the GRAIL lab for processing in about two weeks. Your result will be ready and shared with you by your provider. The Galleri test is prescription only. It is not recommended in individuals who are pregnant, 21 years old or younger, or undergoing active cancer treatment. Galleri does not detect all cancers and should be used in addition to routine cancer screening, false positive and false negative results do occur.
No cancer signal detected result
There are two possible results you may receive from the Galleri test, no cancer signal detected and cancer signal detected. In this video, we’ll talk about a no cancer signal detected result. This result means that the test did not detect a cancer signal. Approximately 99% of people who take the Galleri test receive this result based on a clinical study. People with this result were unlikely to have cancer. In fact, less than 1% of people with this result were estimated to have cancer. Keep in mind though the Galleri is not a hereditary cancer genetic test, it does not predict your future risk of developing cancer. It’s also important to remember that false negatives do occur as some cancers cannot be detected in the blood or by the Galleri test. So if you receive this result, continue with routine cancer screenings, your provider recommends and share any symptoms with your provider. Missing routine cancer screenings or ignoring symptoms could lead to a delayed diagnosis of cancer. It is also important to ask your healthcare provider about when to retake the Galleri test in the future. The Galleri test is prescription only. It is not recommended in individuals who are pregnant 21 years old or younger, or undergoing active cancer treatment. Galleri does not detect all cancers and should be used. In addition to routine cancer screening, false positive and false negative results do occur.
Cancer signal detected result
There are two possible results you could receive from the Galleri test, no cancer signal detected and cancer signal detected. In this video, we’ll talk about a cancer signal detected result. This result means that the test detected a signal that could indicate cancer. We all know someone who has been affected by cancer. However, at a given point in time, only about 1% of people age 50 to 79 are expected to be diagnosed with cancer. A cancer signal detected result may come with a lot of emotions, but remember, Galleri is a screening test. This result requires additional tests to confirm cancer. In a clinical study around four out of 10 people with this result, were diagnosed with cancer after further testing. This result will also include one or two predictions of where in the body the cancer signal may be coming from, called cancer signal origins, which help to guide next steps.
If you receive this result, your healthcare provider will order, follow-up diagnostic tests such as imaging or other blood tests. Grail also offers patients and providers additional support and resources if needed to help guide next steps. If no cancer is diagnosed after further testing, it could mean that further diagnostic tests are required to detect cancer, or the cancer is in a different part of the body. It also could mean that no cancer is present. This is called a false positive result. If cancer is not diagnosed with a cancer signal detected result, it is important to follow up with recommendations from your provider, such as other tests to take or symptoms to watch out for. In all cases, be sure to speak with your provider about when to retake the Galleri test in the future. The Galleri test is prescription only. It is not recommended in individuals who are pregnant, 21 years old or younger, or undergoing active cancer treatment. Galleri does not detect all cancers and should be used. In addition to routine cancer screening, false positive and false negative results do occur.
How much does the Galleri cancer test cost?
Presently, the Galleri cancer screening is not covered by health insurance. We can work with you in creating a payment plan to make this early cancer detection service affordable for you!
How do I learn more about this special blood test for cancer detection?
If you want to undergo this unique cancer screening service with Dr. Alexander Shapsis and his team at Atlantic Gastroenterology in Brooklyn, NY, call 718 521-2840 to request a visit at either the Ocean Parkway or Court Street office.